How do you calculate DPMO?

The calculation of Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) is crucial in Six Sigma as it provides a measure of the number of defects in relation to the total opportunities available. The correct formula for DPMO is based on the concept of evaluating defects against both the number of units produced and the number of opportunities for defects within those units.

To arrive at the correct answer, you need to understand that DPMO is calculated by taking the total number of defects and dividing it by the product of the number of opportunities for defects and the total number of units produced. This figure is then multiplied by 1,000,000 to express the result in terms of defects per million opportunities. The inclusion of opportunities allows for a more accurate reflection of quality by accounting for how many chances there were for defects to occur.

This formula provides insight not only into how many defects occurred but also contextualizes that data within the total number of potential defects. It highlights the importance of both the quality of the product and the frequency of testing, inspection, or production steps that could introduce defects.

The other options do not correctly account for the concept of opportunities, which is essential in determining DPMO. Without incorporating the number of opportunities, the DPMO calculation cannot